• The Physicochemical Properties of Starch from Tongil-type Rice Varieties
    Jong-Hee Shin, Chae-Min Han, Young-Un Song, Sang-Kuk Kim, Jung-Gi Ryu
    Starch characteristics and pasting properties of Tongil-type rice varieties with different amylose content were analyzed. Three different Tongil-type rice varieties … + READ MORE
    Starch characteristics and pasting properties of Tongil-type rice varieties with different amylose content were analyzed. Three different Tongil-type rice varieties and one Japonica-type rice variety were examined for their properties. Tongil-type rice varieties have longer panicles and higher rice yield (721-765 kg per 10a) than Boramchan, a Japonica-type high-yield rice variety. The protein content of the Tongil-type rice variety was higher than that of Boramchan. Japonica-type rice varieties had lower amylose content than Japonica-type rice varieties, except for Amimyeon (Milyang355). Amimyeon had higher protein content than the other varieties, and its amylose content was particularly high at 39.2%. The distribution of starch granule sizes of the four varieties was similar, and the particle size corresponding to D50 was approximately 87.8-81.9 μm. The pasting properties of rice flour varied among varieties. The Dasanbyeo and Hanarum2 amylogram patterns were similar. These two varieties had a higher peak viscosity (PV) and lower setback (SB) than Boramchan. In the case of Amimyeon, the hot paste viscosity (HPV), cool paste viscosity (CPV), and SB were significantly higher than those of the other Toingil-type varieties, and the breakdown (BD) was very low, showing pasting properties significantly different from that of the other varieties. The onset (To), peak (Tp), and conclusion temperature (Tc) of gelatinization of rice flour from Amimyeon were lower than those of the other tested varieties. In addition, the gelatinization temperature, measured using differnetial scanning calorimetry (DSC), and BD, measured using al rapid visco analyzer (RVA) were low in Amimyeon. Amylose content showed a high positive correlation with pasting time (PTi), HPV, and SB and a negative correlation with PV and BD. - COLLAPSE
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    1 September 2023
  • The Heading Response and Characterization of the Adaptable Heading Ecotypes of Korean Rice Varieties in Dandong, China

    중국 단동 지역에서 국내 벼 품종의 출수 반응과 적응 출수생태 특성

    Woonho Yang, Hongguang Ju, Jeong-Ju Kim, Areum Han, Jung-Wook Yang, Eun Young Kim, Shingu Kang, Dae-Woo Lee, Mi-jin Chae, Moung Na Shin, Dongchun Jin, Piao Jin, Jichun Wang, Zhu Feng

    양운호, JuHongguang, 김정주, 한아름, 양정욱, 김은영, 강신구, 이대우, 채미진, 신명나, JinDongchun, JinPiao, WangJichun, FengZhu

    We examined the heading responses of rice varieties over two years in Dandong, China to select the varieties that are adaptable to … + READ MORE
    We examined the heading responses of rice varieties over two years in Dandong, China to select the varieties that are adaptable to the bordering northwestern plains of North Korea. Dandong had slightly lower mean temperature than Sinuiju, North Korea but slightly higher than Supung, but it had almost the same day-length as the two regions in North Korea. In the two experimental years and two transplanting-date treatments, eight varieties (Jinbuol, Baegilmi, Joun, Jinok, Jopyeong, Jinbu, Sanhomi, and Odae) from South Korea and five varieties (Olbyeo2, Sonbong9, Onpo1, Gilju1, and Pyongdo5) from North Korea reached the heading stage not later than the latest heading dates of Dandong domestic varieties and the safe marginal heading dates of Dandong. We examined the basic vegetative phase (BVP), photoperiod-sensitivity (PS), and thermo-sensitivity (TS) of rice heading in a phytotron study to characterize the heading ecotypes of rice varieties adaptable to Dandong. For the rice varieties grown in Dandong experimental field, number of days to the heading stage was highly positively correlated with PS and, except middle and mid-late maturing three varieties, it was significantly positively correlated with BVP. Two-dimensional distribution plotting revealed that both 35 days or less BVP and 25 days or less PS were the characteristic heading ecotypes of the rice varieties adaptable to Dandong. - COLLAPSE
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    1 September 2023
  • Selection of a Soybean Line with Brown Seed Coat, Green Cotyledon, and Tetra-Null Genotype

    갈색종피와 녹색자엽 및 Tetra Null 유전자형을 가진 콩 계통 선발

    Sarath Ly, Hyeon Su Oh, Se Yeong Kim, Jeong Hwan Lee, Jong Il Chung

    리사랏, 오현수, 김세영, 이정환, 정종일

    Soybean is the one of the most important crops for providing quality vegetable protein to umans and livestock. Soybean cultivars with a … + READ MORE
    Soybean is the one of the most important crops for providing quality vegetable protein to umans and livestock. Soybean cultivars with a brown seed coat have a wide range of antioxidant benefits because of the flavonoid components. However, they also contain lectin, 7S α′ subunit, lipoxygenase, and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) proteins that can be allergenic and digestive inhibitors and reduce processing aptitude. Genetic removal of these four proteins is necessary in soybean breeding. Therefore, this study was conducted to select a new line with brown seed coat, green cotyledon, and tetra-null genotype (lecgy1lox1lox2lox3ti) for lectin, 7S α′ subunit, lipoxygenase, and KTI proteins in the mature seed. Five germplasms were used to create breeding population. From a total of 58 F2 plants, F2 plants with lele genotype were selected using a DNA marker, and F3 seeds with a brown seed coat, green cotyledon, and the absence of 7S α′ subunit protein were selected. Three lines (S1, S2, and S3) were developed. Genetic absence of lectin, 7S α′ subunit, lipoxygenase, and KTI proteins was confirmed in F6 seeds of the three lines, which had a brown seed coat, green cotyledons, and a white hilum. The 100 seed weights of the three lines were 26.4-30.9 g, which were lower than 36 g of the check cultivar - ‘Chungja#3’. The new S2 line with 30.9 g hundred seed weight can be used as a parent to improve colored soybean cultivars without antinutritional factors such as lectin, 7S α′ subunit, lipoxygenase, and KTI proteins. - COLLAPSE
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    1 September 2023
  • Effects of Increasing Air Temperatures and CO2 Concentrations on Herbicide Efficacy of Acalypha australis and Phytotoxicity of Soybean Crops

    대기온도와 CO2 농도 증가에 따른 우점잡초 깨풀의 제초제 약효 및 콩 약해 변화

    Hyo-Jin Lee, Hyun-Hwa Park, Ye-Geon Kim, Do-Jin Lee, Yong-In Kuk

    이효진, 박현화, 김예건, 이도진, 국용인

    The purpose of this study was to improve weed management systems under varying carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures by evaluating the growth … + READ MORE
    The purpose of this study was to improve weed management systems under varying carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures by evaluating the growth of Acalypha australis and observing the efficacy of four foliar and four soil herbicides, as well as measuring phytotoxicity in soybean crops treated with these herbicides. In both growth chamber and greenhouse conditions, plant height and shoot fresh weight of Acalypha australis increased as temperature increased. The variable to maximum fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm), relative electron transport rate (ETR), plant height, leaf area, and shoot fresh weight of Acalypha australis were higher at carbon dioxide concentrations of 800 ppm than at 400 ppm. The efficacy of a foliar herbicide, glufosinate, on Acalypha australis was lower at 30°C than at 20°C and 25°C in the growth chamber condition and was also lower at 29°C than at 21°C and 25°C in greenhouse conditions. In contrast, mecoprop efficacy on Acalypha australis was lower at 20°C and 25°C than at 30°C in growth chamber conditions and lower at 21°C and 25°C than at 29°C in greenhouse conditions. Glyphosate efficacy was lower at 21°C than at 25°C and 29°C under greenhouse conditions. With soil herbicides, metolachlor and ethalfluraline, efficacies were higher at relatively high temperatures under both growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. However, in the case of linuron, the difference in efficacy was not observed under varying temperatures in both growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. When ¼ of the recommended glyphosate rates were applied to Acalypha australis, efficacy was lower under 800 ppm carbon dioxide concentrations than under 400 ppm. In contrast, when ¼ of the recommended rate of bentazone was applied to Acalypha australis, efficacy was higher under 800 ppm carbon dioxide concentrations than under 400 ppm. Despite application rates, glufosinate efficacy differed insignificantly under different carbon dioxide concentrations. When applied at ¼ of the recommended rate, the efficacy of ethalfuralin was higher under 800 ppm carbon dioxide concentrations than under 400 ppm. However, efficacies of other herbicides were not different despite varying carbon dioxide concentrations. Soybean phytotoxicity in crops treated with the recommended rate and twice the recommended rate of soil herbicides was not significantly different regardless of temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations. Overall, weed efficacy of some herbicides decreased in response to different temperatures and carbon dioxide concentrations. Therefore, new weed management methods are required to ensure high rates of weed control in conditions affected by climate change. - COLLAPSE
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    1 September 2023
  • Identification of a Locus Associated with Resistance to Phytophthora sojae in the Soybean Elite Line ‘CheonAl’

    콩 우수 계통 ‘천알’에서 발견한 역병 저항성 유전자좌

    Hee Jin You, Eun Ji Kang, In Jeong Kang, Ji-Min Kim, Sung-Taeg Kang, Sungwoo Lee

    유희진, 강은지, 강인정, 김지민, 강성택, 이성우

    Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is a major soybean disease caused by an oomycete, Phytophthora sojae. PRR can be severe in poorly … + READ MORE
    Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is a major soybean disease caused by an oomycete, Phytophthora sojae. PRR can be severe in poorly drained fields or wet soils. The disease management primarily relies on resistance genes called Rps (resistance to P. sojae). This study aimed to identify resistance loci associated with resistance to P. sojae isolate 40468 in Daepung × CheonAl recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. CheonAl is resistant to the isolate, while Daepung is generally susceptible. We genotyped the parents and RIL population via high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and constructed a set of genetic maps. The presence or absence of resistance to P. sojae was evaluated via hypocotyl inoculation technique, and phenotypic distribution fit to a ratio of 1:1 (R:S) (χ2 = 0.57, p = 0.75), indicating single gene mediated inheritance. Single-marker association and the linkage analysis identified a highly significant genomic region of 55.9~56.4 megabase pairs on chromosome 18 that explained ~98% of phenotypic variance. Many previous studies have reported several Rps genes in this region, and also it contains nine genes that are annotated to code leucine-rich repeat or serine/threonine kinase within the approximate 500 kilobase pairs interval based on the reference genome database. CheonAl is the first domestic soybean genotype characterized for resistance against P. sojae isolate 40468. Therefore, CheonAl could be a valuable genetic source for breeding resistance to P. sojae. - COLLAPSE
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    1 September 2023
  • Assessment of Phenolic Content, Saponin Content, and Antioxidant Activities in Gray, Red, and White Adzuki Bean Germplasm: A Multivariate Analysis
    Kebede Taye Desta, Hyemyeong Yoon, Myoung-Jae Shin, Sukyeung Lee, Xiaohan Wang, Yu-Mi Choi, Young-ah Jeon, YoungKwang Ju, JungYoon Yi
    Seed color is controlled by several genes and is a key trait in determining the metabolite content and biological activities of legume … + READ MORE
    Seed color is controlled by several genes and is a key trait in determining the metabolite content and biological activities of legume genotypes. In this study, 296 adzuki bean accessions, including 159 grey, 99 red, and 38 white adzuki beans, were grown in Korea. Variations in total phenolic content (TPC), total saponin content (TSC), DPPH• scavenging activity, ABTS•+ scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were assessed and were reported to be in the ranges of 1.52–8.24 mg GAE/g, 14.36–114.22 mg DE/g, 0.23–12.84 mg AAE/g, 1.05–17.66 mg TE/g, and 0.59–13.14 mg AAE/g, respectively, with a wide variation across adzuki beans. Except for DPPH• scavenging activity, the average values declined in the order gray > red > white adzuki beans, each demonstrating a significant variation (p < 0.05). White adzuki beans, which showed low metabolite content and antioxidant activity, were clearly separated from the gray and red genotypes using principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses. Moreover, TPC, TSC, and antioxidant activities were strongly correlated, regardless of seed color. Overall, the diversity of the TPC, TSC, and antioxidant activity in a broad population of adzuki bean genotypes was determined. Furthermore, this study found that seed color variation in adzuki beans had a significant effect on the metabolite content and antioxidant activity. Superior accessions with high levels of TPC, TSC, and antioxidant activity were also discovered and could be used for functional plant breeding and human consumption. The findings of this study may be useful for understanding the relationship between seed coat color and metabolite concentration in adzuki beans, paving the way for molecular-level analyses. - COLLAPSE
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    1 September 2023
  • Effect of Accelerated Storage on the Microstructure and Water Absorption Characteristics of Korean Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis L.) Cultivar

    팥의 가속화 저장에 따른 미세구조 및 수분흡수 특성

    Jieun Kwak, Seon-Min Oh, You-Geun Oh, Yu-Chan Choi, Hyun-Jin Park, Suk-Bo Song, Jeong-Heui Lee, Jeom-Sig Lee

    곽지은, 오선민, 오유근, 최유찬, 박현진, 송석보, 이정희, 이점식

    This study investigated the microstructure and water absorption characteristics of the Korean adzuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) cultivar under accelerated storage. … + READ MORE
    This study investigated the microstructure and water absorption characteristics of the Korean adzuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) cultivar under accelerated storage. The germination rate, acid value, redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values showed no significant differences after three months of storage compared to pre-storage under low temperatures (4°C). However, a statistically significant difference was observed under accelerated high temperatures (45°C). In particular, after storage for three months, the germination rate and acid value were 0% and 33.63 mg KOH/100g, respectively, under accelerated high temperatures. After storage for three months, the holes, hilum damage, and spaces between the seed coat and cotyledon shortened the time and speed of water absorption under accelerated high temperatures compared to that under low temperatures. Conversely, further research is required to investigate the reason for the low rate of parallel water absorption. - COLLAPSE
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    1 September 2023
  • Selection of Resistant Varieties to Aspergillus flavus by Determination of Aflatoxin B1 Content in Korean Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Accessions
    Seungah Han, Byeong-Cheol Kim, Jungmin Ha, Tae-Hwan Jun
    Peanuts, also known as groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), are globally recognized as a vital oilseed crop. Peanuts are rich in proteins … + READ MORE
    Peanuts, also known as groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), are globally recognized as a vital oilseed crop. Peanuts are rich in proteins (e.g., arginine), oils (e.g., oleic acid and linoleic acid), fiber, vitamins (e.g., niacin and tocopherol), and carbohydrates and are consumed worldwide. However, the presence of aflatoxin (AF) has garnered substantial attention since its initial discovery as the causative agent of Tukey’s X disease in the United Kingdom in 1960. Among the 18 aflatoxins identified, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has the highest toxic activity and causes hepatocellular carcinoma. It is classified as Group I by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The present study was conducted to evaluate aflatoxin B1 resistance of 102 peanut accessions and select putative aflatoxin B1-resistant peanut accessions to aflatoxin B1. One hundred and one Korean germplasms harvested in 2020 were inoculated with A. flavus to identify aflatoxin-resistant cultivars, and the aflatoxin B1 concentration was measured using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. Twenty-six accessions with aflatoxin B1 concentrations lower than those of the check plant 55-437 were chosen for the development of aflatoxin-resistant varieties in Korea. As Korean aflatoxin-resistant varieties have not yet been developed, the findings of the present study are expected to provide useful information for the development of aflatoxin-resistant cultivars. - COLLAPSE
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    1 September 2023
  • Influence of Artificial Rainfall on Wheat Grain Quality During Ripening by Using the Speed-breeding System

    세대단축시스템을 이용한 국내 밀 품종의 등숙기 강우에 의한 품질변이 평가

    Hyeonjin Park, Jin-Kyung Cha, So-Myeong Lee, Youngho Kwon, Jisu Choi, Ki-Won Oh, Jong-Hee Lee

    박현진, 차진경, 이소명, 권영호, 최지수, 오기원, 이종희

    Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important crop in Korea, with a per capita consumption of 31.6 kg in 2019. In … + READ MORE
    Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important crop in Korea, with a per capita consumption of 31.6 kg in 2019. In the southern region, wheat is grown after paddy rice, and it is harvested during the rainy season in mid-June. This timing, in combination with high humidity and untimely rainfall, activates the enzyme alpha-amylase, which breaks down starch in the wheat grains. As a result, sprouted grains have lower quality and value for flour. However, seeds that absorb water before sprouting are expected to maintain better quality. The aim of the study was to identify the critical period during wheat maturation when rainfall has the greatest impact on grain quality, to prevent price declines due to quality deterioration. Two wheat cultivars, Jokyoung and Hwanggeumal, were grown in a speed breeding room, and artificial rainfall was applied at different times after heading (30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55 days). The proportion of vitreous grains decreased from 40 to 55 days after heading (DAH). Both cultivars had chalky grain sections from 35 DAH, with Hwanggeumal having a higher proportion of vitreous grains. Starch degradation was observed using FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) at 40 DAH for Jokyoung and 50 DAH for Hwanggeumal. Color measurements indicated increased L and E values from 40 DAH, with rain treatment at 55 DAH leading to a significant increase in L values for both cultivars. Ash content increased at 45 DAH, whereas SDSS decreased at 35 DAH. Overall, grain quality from 40 DAH until harvest was found to be affected to the greatest extent by direct exposure of the spikes to moisture. Red wheat showed better quality than white wheat. These findings have implications for the cultivation of high-quality wheat and can guide future research efforts in this area. - COLLAPSE
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    1 September 2023
  • Application of Subsurface Drip Fertigation System to Increase Growth and Yield of Maize

    옥수수의 생육 및 수량 증대를 위한 지중점적 관비 시스템의 적용

    Jong Hyuk Kim, Yeon Ju Lee, Il Rae Rho

    김종혁, 이연주, 노일래

    This study was conducted to investigate how maize (Zea maize L.) growth and yield were affected by irrigation and fertigation using … + READ MORE
    This study was conducted to investigate how maize (Zea maize L.) growth and yield were affected by irrigation and fertigation using a subsurface drip system. The system consisted of a buried (40 cm underground) drip pipe that can be used in a semi-permanent manner without affecting agricultural work on the ground. The amount of water required for the fertigation treatment was determined to be 24.3 tons 10a-1 for the sandy loam soil used in this experimental field. Fertigation treatments based on the previously calculated 24.3 tons 10a-1 were carried out as topdressing applications. They were applied through the subsurface drip system with the following fertilizer concentration (nitrogen only, written in kg 10a-1: N 4, N 6, N 8, N 10 ). The other treatments were irrigation only and control (non-treatment). The results indicated that the N 8 treatment was the most effective, increasing yield by 30% and 14% compared with the control and irrigation treatments, respectively. These results highlight the effectiveness of fertigation (N 8 kg 10a-1) at V6 and R1 stage as a form of topdressing fertilization using a subsurface drip system for achieving a high yield and stable maize production. - COLLAPSE
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    1 September 2023
  • Effect of Biodegradable Film Mulching on Soil Environment and Onion Growth and Yield

    생분해성 멀칭필름이 토양환경과 양파 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향

    Ji-Sik Jung, Do-Won Park, Hyun-Sug Choi

    정지식, 박도원, 최현석

    This study was compared the soil environment and growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) treated with non-mulching (NM) and … + READ MORE
    This study was compared the soil environment and growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) treated with non-mulching (NM) and mulching polyethylene film (PEF) and two biodegradable films (BFI and BFII) commonly used in farmhouses. Visual observation confirmed the degradation of BFI and BFII films after 150 days after tansplanting (DAT). BFII increased light penetration into the films and reduced the weight maintenace after 180 DAT, with a high decompostion at 30 days after soil tilling. Soil moisture contents much fluctuated between –14 kP and - 0 kPa in NM plots, increasing the minimum soil temperature of BFI plots. Mulching treatments decreased soil organic matter contents but did not subtantially increase soil mineral nutrients, soil bulk density, and number of bacteria compared to those of NM plots. Onion root growth was increased by PEF and BFI treatments at an early growth stage, 60 DAT, with the most remarkable stem extension observed for PEF and BFI treatments after 150 DAT. PEF and BFI treatments increased the bulb’s diameter, length, weight, and lodging at 180 DAT. BFI treatments exhibited a high portion of the “very large” category producing with 55.3 tons ha-1 based on the classification into bulb size, followed by PE (49.3 tons), NM (9.4 tons), and BFII treatments (2.7 tons) at 230 DAT. - COLLAPSE
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    1 September 2023
  • Studies on Cytological Characteristics of Elymus humidus as Genetic Resources Compared to Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    Ji-Yoon Han, Seong-Wook Kang, Sejin Oh, Yumi Lee, Myoung-Jae Shin, Sukyeung Lee, Seong-Woo Cho
    This study aimed to identify and compare the characteristics of Elymus humidus on common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinse Spring, … + READ MORE
    This study aimed to identify and compare the characteristics of Elymus humidus on common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinse Spring, CS). The seed length, width, height, and weight of E. humidus were smaller than those of the CS. In particular, the germination rate of E. humidus was substantially lower than that of CS. In the anatomical dissection of the leaf, E. humidus showed a considerably different xylem diameter of the main vascular bundle in the main vein; however, there was no difference in the phloem of the main vascular bundle compared with the xylem and phloem of the main vascular bundle in the main vein of CS, although E. humidus showed a leaf structure similar to that of CS. In addition, E. humidus had a thinner epidermis than that of CS. Regarding stomatal traits, E. humidus showed a graminoid stomata type similar to that of CS. On the adaxial and abaxial sides, the density, length, and width of the stomata in E. humidus were smaller than those in CS, whereas the distance between stomata in E. humidus was greater than that in CS. The chromosomes of E. humidus were classified as long and short based on their respective lengths. Long chromosomes were classified based on the ratio of the long arm to the short arm e.g., 1:1 or 2:1. Short chromosomes showed the same trend and some short chromosomes were microsatellites. To evaluate genetic diversity, 38 barley EST markers with polymorphisms between E. humidus and CS were selected from 236 barley EST markers. - COLLAPSE
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    1 September 2023
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