• Effect of Treatment with Selected Plant Extracts on the Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Rice Plants under Salt Stress
    Hyun-Hwa Park, Pyae Pyae Win, Yong-In Kuk
    High soil salinity is the most severe threat to global rice production as it causes a significant decline in rice yield. Here, … + READ MORE
    High soil salinity is the most severe threat to global rice production as it causes a significant decline in rice yield. Here, we investigated the effects of various plant extracts on rice plant stress associated with high salinity. Additionally, we examined various physiological and biochemical parameters such as growth, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, and lipid peroxidation – in rice plants after treatment with selected plant extracts under salt stress conditions. Of the 11 extracts tested, four – soybean leaf, soybean stem, moringa (Moringa oleifera), and Undaria pinnatifida extracts – were found to effectively reduce salt stress. A reduction of only 3–23% in shoot fresh weight was observed in rice plants under salt stress that were treated with these extracts, compared to the 43% reduction observed in plants that were exposed to stress but not given plant extract treatments (control plants). The effectiveness varied with the concentration of the plant extracts. Water content was higher in rice plants treated with the extracts than in the control plants after 6 d of salt stress, but not after 4 d of salt stress. Although photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), and the content of pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid) varied based on the types and levels of stress and the extracts that the rice plants were treated with, generally, photosynthetic efficiency and pigment content were higher in the treated rice compared to control plants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased as the duration of stress increased. ROS and MDA levels were lower in the treated rice than in the control plants. Proline and soluble sugar accumulation also increased with the duration of the stress period. However, proline and soluble sugar accumulation were lower in the treated rice than in the control plants. Generally, the values of all the parameters investigated in this study were similar, regardless of the plant extract used to treat the rice plants. Thus, the extracts found to be effective can be used to alleviate the adverse effects of stress on rice crops associated with high-salinity soils. - COLLAPSE
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    1 March 2024
  • Effect of Shading on Rice Growth Characteristics Under Different Temperature Conditions
    Zun Phoo Wai, Min-Ji Lee, Woon-Ha Hwang
    Environmental factors play an important role in crop growth and development. In recent years, climate change has become a challenge that limits … + READ MORE
    Environmental factors play an important role in crop growth and development. In recent years, climate change has become a challenge that limits environmental factors. Light is an important environmental factor for photosynthesis in rice. In addition, temperature is one of the most important factors for rice production; thus, a 1°C increase in temperature because of climate change can affect rice growth and development. Therefore, we investigated the effect of shading on the growth characteristics of rice under different temperature conditions from the vegetative stage to the flowering stage. Plants were grown at three different temperatures: 26°C/16°C for 21°C, 29°C/19°C for 24°C, and 22°C/32°C for 27°C in a phytotron. A 55% shade treatment was applied after 10 days of transplanting until the flowering stage. Plant height was not affected by the shading treatment. In the maximum tiller number response to shading, a lower tiller number and growth speed of tiller was found in the 27°C condition. Among leaf characteristics, shading increased the flag leaf area, length, width, and effective leaf area; however, it decreased the leaf number on the main stem, especially at 27°C. In terms of stem characteristics, shading affected culm wall thickness in both varieties. Finally, regarding the panicle characteristics, lower panicle numbers, spikelet numbers per panicle, primary numbers, and secondary numbers per panicle were found under the shading treatment. Most of the desirable characteristics were affected by the shading treatment at 27°C. Overall, these results indicated that shading had a greater effect on rice plant growth at high temperature. - COLLAPSE
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    1 March 2024
  • Studies on the MSM (Methyl Sulfonyl Methane) Treatment Method of Soybeans

    콩의 MSM (Methyl Sulfonyl Methane) 처리 방법에 관한 연구

    Se Eun Chae, Seung Ka Oh, Young-Son Cho, Doobo Shim, Dong-Kyung Yoon, Seung Ho Jeon

    채세은, 오승가, 조영손, 심두보, 윤동경, 전승호

    This experiment was conducted at the affiliated farm of the Suncheon University from 2022 to 2023 to investigate the growth, yield, and … + READ MORE
    This experiment was conducted at the affiliated farm of the Suncheon University from 2022 to 2023 to investigate the growth, yield, and quality characteristics of soybeans based on the treatment method of Methyl Sulfony Methane (MSM) for the establishment of stable production practices. In the initial investigation of growth characteristics in 2022, an increasing trend in characteristics such as plant height, stem thickness, and branching index was observed as the treatment concentration increased from 50% to 200%. Yield components also followed the same trend, with the basal fertilization + top dressing 3 times at 200% treatment showing the highest yield at 355 kg·10a-1, with the highest number of pods. In the subsequent study to determine the optimal concentration exceeding 200% in 2023, growth characteristics showed a trend of 400% > 200% > 800%. The basal fertilization + top dressing 3 times at 400% treatment exhibited the longest plant height (106.7 cm) and the most branches (6). In terms of seed quality, this treatment also had the highest proportion (66.9%) of seeds with a diameter over 6.7 mm. Additionally, in yield components such as pods, seeds per pod, and 100-seed weight, the basal fertilization + top dressing 3 times at 400% treatment showed the highest values, resulting in a maximum yield of 374 kg·10a-1, representing a 23.4% increase compared to the control. Therefore, for the optimal production of high-quality soybeans, it is recommended to apply the treatment of basal fertilization + top dressing 3 times at 400% concentration, with top dressing occurring at 30-day intervals before harvest. - COLLAPSE
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    1 March 2024
  • Effects of Various Biodegradable Mulching Films on Growth, Yield, and Soil Environment in Soybean Cultivation

    콩 재배지에서 다양한 생분해성 멀칭필름 종류별 작물 생육, 수량 및 토양환경에 미치는 영향

    Ye-Guon Kim, Yeon-Hu Woo, Hyun-Hwa Park, Do-Jin Lee, Yong-In Kuk

    김예건, 우연후, 박현화, 이도진, 국용인

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of biodegradable mulching films in soybean (Glycine max) cultivation by … + READ MORE
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of biodegradable mulching films in soybean (Glycine max) cultivation by measuring their effects on crop growth and yield, film decomposition and soil chemical and physical properties. In 2022 and 2023, plant height, branch number, chlorophyll contents, yield components, and yield of soybean did not vary significantly in areas using PE films and biodegradable mulching films. The light transmission rate of the biodegradable mulching films ranged from 6.4 to 15.8% when measured 112 days after soybean transplanting, and was higher, on average, in 2023 than in 2022. In both years, degradation of the biodegradable mulching films began 20 days after soybean transplantation and increased over time. In addition, remains of biodegradable mulching films were present in fields at soybean harvest and remained until 50 days after harvest. Decomposition rates of the biodegradable mulching films at 112 days after soybean transplanting ranged from 9.8 to 26.7% in 2022 and 13 to 36% in 2023. Although soil pH and EC varied based on the year and timing of measurements, there was no significant difference between areas that used biodegradable mulching films and PE films. Soil organic matter, nitrate and exchangeable cation contents such as Ca, Mg, and K were not significantly different in areas that used both PE films and biodegradable films. However, significantly higher levels of available phosphoric acid content were measured in areas that used biodegradable mulch films E, S, and T. Regardless of which films were used, there were no significant differences in the soil’s physical properties. In 2022 and 2023, there was no difference between areas that used biodegradable mulch films and PE films. However, soil temperature in mulched areas was 2°C higher and soil moisture was 5-15% higher than in non-mulched areas. Barley growth was not affected by being planted in soil that had been used for soybean cultivation with biodegradable films. Therefore, the biodegradable mulch films used in this study can be used without negatively affecting the growth, yield, and soil environment of soybeans. - COLLAPSE
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    1 March 2024
  • Classification of Cultivation Region for Soybean (Glycine max [L.]) in South Korea Based on 30 Years of Weather Indices

    평년기상을 활용한 우리나라의 콩 재배지역 구분

    Dong-Kyung Yoon, Jaesung Park, Jinhee Seo, Okjae Won, Man-Soo Choi, Hyeon Su Lee, Chaewon Lee

    윤동경, 박재성, 서진희, 원옥재, 최만수, 이현수, 이채원

    A region can be divided into cultivation zones based on homogeneity in weather variables that have the greatest influence on crop growth … + READ MORE
    A region can be divided into cultivation zones based on homogeneity in weather variables that have the greatest influence on crop growth and yield. This study classified the cultivation zone of soybean using weather indices as a prior study to classify the agroclimatic zone of soybean. Meteorological factors affecting soybeans were determined through correlation analysis over a 10 year period (from 2013 to 2022) using data from the Miryang and Suwon regions collected from the soybean yield trial database of the Rural Development Administration, Korea and the meteorological database of the Korea Meteorological Administration. The correlation between growth characteristics and the minimum temperature, daily temperature range, and precipitation were high during the vegetative growth stages. Moreover, the correlation between yield components and the maximum temperature, daily temperature range, and precipitation were high during the reproductive growth stages. As a result of k-means clustering, soybean cultivation zones were divided into three zones. Zone 1 was the central inland region and southern Gyeonggi-do; Zone 2 was the southern part of the west coast, the southern part of the east coast, and the South Sea; and Zone 3 included parts of eastern Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, and areas with high altitudes. Zone 1, which has a wide latitude range, was further subdivided into three cultivation zones. The results of this study may provide useful information for estimating agrometeorological characteristics and predicting the success of soybean cultivation in South Korea. - COLLAPSE
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    1 March 2024
  • Effect of Growth and Yield of Soybean on Late-Sowing Compared to Optimal Sowing in the Southern Region of South Korea

    남부지역에서 콩의 적기파종 대비 후기 파종이 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향

    Ye Rin Kim, Jong hyuk Kim, Il Rae Rho

    김예린, 김종혁, 노일래

    Considering the threats of climate change, this study was conducted to investigate the influence of temperature and day-length on soybean growth and … + READ MORE
    Considering the threats of climate change, this study was conducted to investigate the influence of temperature and day-length on soybean growth and yield when sown late in comparison to the optimal sowing time in the southern region of the Korean Peninsula. Sowing was executed in 10-day intervals, including on July 1, 10, 20 and 30 and August 10, considering that the optimum sowing time of the three soybean varieties with different ecotypes is June 20. Emergence rates did not differ significantly between late-sowing and optimal sowing in all ecotypes; however, the number of days to emergence, flowering, and maturity was smaller after late sowing. A multiple-regression approach was used to test the effect of temperature and day length on the number of growing days after late sowing compared to the optimal sowing time. This analysis revealed that the number of days required from sowing to flowering was positively correlated with both day length and temperature, and the number of days from flowering to harvest was positively correlated with day length and negatively with temperature. A multiple regression equation can be calculated as follows: the number of days required from sowing to flowering (Y) = 3.177 + (0.030 × (sum of day length + sum of temperature)), and the number of days required from flowering to maturity (Y) = 20.945 + (0.021 × (sum of day length + sum of temperature)). Multiple growth parameters were significantly correlated with yield components, depending on growing days. Optimal sowing resulted in the best yield, while later sowing decreased yield compared to optimal sowing. To avoid a significant decrease in yield, early-maturing species should be sown by July 20, while late-maturing species should be sown by July 10. - COLLAPSE
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    1 March 2024
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